Some vegans do take supplements, but there are others, who having been vegan for years, and not taking supplements, are happy to report that they are in very good health.
So it looks like it is not a necessity.
But supplements could be useful for the same reasons that meat-eaters take them, if the diet is not as varied as it should be.
In an article, What supplements do Scientists Take, and Why [1], the scientists are positive about some supplements such as Turmeric, Vitamin D, prebiotics, probiotics and Omega-3.
Although Tim Spector [2] (known for his involvement with the Covid19 symptom Tracker app [3]) advises that we need nothing but real food
The article also mentions that supplements are a multi-billion dollar industry, so it’s worth thinking about who really benefits.
[1] https://theconversation.com/what-supplements-do-scientists-use-and-why-87954
[2] https://www.tim-spector.co.uk
[3] https://covid.joinzoe.com